Mekhoa ea kalafo ea Liindasteri ea Liindasteri le Likopo tsa lik'hemik'hale
Semelo
Ka nts'etsopele ea indasteri, bohlokoa ba kalafo ea metsi ho tlhahiso e fapaneng ea liindasteri e ntse e bonahala e ntse e eketseha. Phekolo ea metsi a indasteri ha se taba ea bohlokoa feela ea ho netefatsa tsoelo-pele e boreleli, empa hape le mohato oa bohlokoa oa ho fihlela melaoana ea tikoloho le ntlafatso ea kholo ea tikoloho.
Mofuta oa kalafo oa metsi
| Mofuta oa kalafo oa metsi | Morero oa sehlooho | Lintho tsa kalafo tsa mantlha | Lits'ebetso tsa mantlha. |
| PUSELETSO EA METSI | Kopana le litlhokahalo tsa metsi a lapeng kapa a indasteri | Metsi a Metsi a Moqomo | Ho fitlication, setityication, ho ba mashano. |
| Ts'ebetso ea metsi | Kopana le Litlhokahalo tse Ikhethileng tsa Ts'ebetso | Metsi a Ts'ebetso ea Liindasteri | Ho nolofatsa, ho hloka pheko, deoxgengration. |
| Ho potoloha ho futhumatsa kalafo ea metsi | Netefatsa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea lisebelisoa | Ho potoloha metsi a phoroselang | Phekolo ea ho jala. |
| Phekolo ea Lithabeli | Sireletsa Tikoloho | Metsi a litšila a indasteri | 'Meleng, lik'hemik'hale, tsa tlhaho. |
| Phekolo ea metsi e nchafalitsoeng | Fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea metsi a hloekileng a metsi | E sebelisitsoe metsi | Ho tšoana le kalafo e litšila ea metsi. |
Lik'hemik'hale tse tloaelehileng tsa metsi
| Sehlopha | Hangata lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang haholo | Ts'ebetso |
| Moemeli ea ntseng a eketseha | Pac, Pam, Pdadmac, Poldamines, Aluminium sulfate, jj. | Tlosa li-solisid tse emisitsoeng le tsa manyolo |
| Litšitiso | joalo ka tcca, Sdic, Ozone, Chlorine dioxide, calcium hypochlorte, jj | E bolaea likokoana-hloko ka metsing (joalo ka libaktheria, vaerase, fungus le protozoa) |
| Ph Adusaster | Aminosulfonic acid, Naoh, kalam, sulfuric acid, jj. | Tsamaisa ka 'mele oa metsi |
| Metal Ion Menyako | Edta, ion fapang adin | Tlosa li-ion tse thata tsa tšepe (joalo ka tšepe, koporo, cadmium, Mercury, ions e kotsi ka metsing |
| Scake inhiti | Kopano ea lefelo, e kopanyang nako ea carboxy ecid | Thibela sebopeho se ngotsoeng ka calcium le ions ions. Hape e na le phello e itseng ea ho tlosa ions ea tšepe |
| Donxidizer | Sodium sulfite, Hydrazine, jj. | Tlosa oksijene e khelositsoeng ho thibela moqomo oa oksijene |
| Moemeli ea Hloeta | Citric acid, sulfuric acid, aminobuncy acid | Tlosa Schele le litlolo |
| Oxidants | Ozone, pendrogenfte, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen peroxide, jj. | Ho tlola likokoana-hloko, ho tlosoa ha litšitiso le ntlafatso ea boleng ba metsi, jj. |
| Softers | joalo ka lime le sodium carbonate. | E tlosa li-ions tse thata (calcium, li-ions tsa magnesiun |
| Li-brosers/Antifoam | Fafatsa kapa ho felisa foam | |
| Ho tlosoa | Calcium hypochlorte | Tlosa NH₃-n ho tloha metsi a litšila ho e etsa hore e kopane le litekanyetso |
Re ka fana ka:
Phekolo ea metsi a indasteri e bua ka mokhoa oa ho tšoara metsi a borena le ho tlosa metsi ka lik'hemik'hale, likokoana-hloko le tse ling. Phekolo ea metsi a indasteri ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tlhahiso ea indasteri, 'me bohlokoa ba eona bo bonahala litseleng tse latelang:
1.1 Etsa bonnete ba boleng ba sehlahisoa
Tlosa litšila ka metsing tse kang Ions Ions tsa tšepe, li emisitsoe li-soports, joalo-joalo tsa li-solisid, joalo-joalo ho fihlela li hloka litlhoko tsa tlhahiso le ho netefatsa boleng ba sehlahisoa.
Sikib Corsus: Oksijene e Lahliloeng, e jj. Ka metsing e ka baka phaello ea lisebelisoa tsa tšepe mme e khutsufatsa bophelo ba lisebelisoa.
Laola likokoana-hloko: Baktheria, algae le likokoana-hloko tse ling ka metsing ho ka baka tšilafalo ea sehlahisoa le polokeho ea sehlahisoa.
1.2 Ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso
Fokotsa nako ea phomolo: Phekolo ea metsi khafetsa e ka thibela lisebelisoa ho tšosa le ke lijalo ho lokisoa khafetsa, 'me ka hona ha u ntlafatsa boemo ba lisebelisoa.
Ho ntlafatsa maemo a ts'ebetso: ka kalafo ea metsi, boleng ba metsi bo kopanang le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso bo ka fumanoa ho netefatsa botsitso ba ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso.
1.3 Ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso
Boloka matla: Ka kalafo ea metsi, tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa li ka fokotsoa le litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso.
Thibela Scal
E eketsa lintho tsa lisebelisoa: Fokotsa lisosa tsa lisebelisoa le ho le pata - le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ho fokola ka lisebelisoa.
Fokotsa tšebeliso ea lintho tsa nama: Ka kalafo ea metsi, litšila tsa biocide le litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso li ka fokotsoa.
Fokotsa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse tala: Ka kalafo ea metsi, lisebelisoa tse setseng tsa metsi li ka khutlisoa, ka hona li fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa thepa e tala le tse tlase.
1.4 Sireletsa Tikoloho
Fokotsa ho tsoa ha polltant: Kamora metsi a senyang a indasteri a ka alafatsoa, ho tsepamisa maikutlo ha batho ba tsoang Pollitant ba ka fokotsoa 'me tikoloho ea metsi e ka sireletsoa.
Hlokomela ho iphahamisa ka mehloli ea metsi: Ka kalafo ea metsi, metsi a indasteri a ka sebelisoa hape le ho itšetleha ka lisebelisoa tsa metsi tse ncha li ka fokotsoa.
1.5 Ho latela melao ea tikoloho
Kopana le litekanyetso tsa ho tsoa: metsi a litšila a indasteri a tlameha ho fihlela litekanyetso tsa naha le tsa lehae, 'me tšoaro ea metsi ke mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa ho fihlela sepheo sena.
Ka kakaretso, kalafo ea metsi a indasteri e sa amanngoe feela ho ba sehlahisoa sa sehlahisoa le katleho, empa hape le ts'ireletso ea moruo ea likhopolo. Ka kalafo ea metsi a saense le ea nang le kahlolo e molemo, tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea lisebelisoa tsa metsi li ka fumaneha 'me nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea indasteri e ka khothaletsoa.
Phekolo ea metsi a indasteri e koahela masimo a fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa le matla, a indasterignical, li-indasteri tsa lijo le tse fapaneng
2.1 kalafo e hlaheletseng (pretreatment ea metsi)
Phetoho ea metsi a tala kalafong ea metsi a indasteri e kenyelletsa kalafo ea mantlha ea lish, haholo-holo, ho shapuoa hoa phatsima, ho kenngoa phetoho ea tšepe le ho emisa ho emisa. Lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang hangata li kenyelletsa:
CoGudulants le li-flocculants: joalo ka Pac, Pam, Pdadmac, Poldamines, Aluminium sulfate, jj.
Softeers: joalo ka lime le sodium carbonate.
DsinIns?
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Medal Ion Eleversedta, Iona Bushix Resin jj.,
iscale inhibitor: Kopano ea boleng, ho kopanya li-carboxycilic licids, joalo-joalo
ledonent: joalo ka khabone e hlahisitsoeng ea khabone, alumina, joalo-joalo
Kopano le tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale tsena ho ka thusa kalafo ea metsi a indasteri, netefatsa hore tšobotsi ea metsi e hloka kalafo e latelang.
2.2 Ts'ebetso ea metsi ea metsi
Ts'ebetso ea ho sebetsana le kalafo ea metsi kalafong ea metsi a indasteri e kenyelletsa phethatso, e nolofalle, ho tlosa tšepe, ho tlosoa ha tšepe, ho bolaea le ho se sebetse. Mohato o mong le o mong o hloka lik'hemik'hale tse fapaneng ho ntlafatsa boleng ba metsi le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa indasteri. Lik'hemik'hale tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:
| Likokoleba le li-fracculants: | Ha Pac, Pam, Pdadmac, Poldamines, Aluminium sulfate, jj. |
| Softerser: | joalo ka lime le sodium carbonate. |
| Lihloela: | Joalo ka tcca, sdic, calcium hypochlorte, Ozone, chlorine dioxide, jj. |
| Ph Albusters: | joalo ka aminosulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, lime, sulfuric acid, jj. |
| Metal Ion Menyako: | Edta, ion fapang adin |
| Scake inhibito: | Kopano ea lefelo, e kopanang le carboxy ecid, jj. |
| Maseso: | joalo ka khabone e bakiloeng, e butsoitseng alumina, jj. |
Lik'hemik'hale tsena li ka fihlella litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa metsi ka mokhoa o fapaneng oa kalafo ka ho kopanya litekanyetso tsa motlakase, le ho ntlafatsa katleho ea lihlahisoa.
2.3 Ho potoloha ho futhumala ha metsi
Ho potoloha kalafo ea metsi ke karolo ea bohlokoahali ea kalafo ea metsi a lik'hene, joalo ka limela tsa motlakase, joalo-joalo. Ho potoloha lits'ebetso tsa metsi tse futhumatsang ho angoa ke ho bala, keketseho e meng le mathata a mang ka lebaka la bophahamo ba bona bo boholo ba metsi le khafetsa mekoloha ea bona e kholo ea metsi. Ka hona, mekhoa ea kalafo e sebetsang ea metsi e tlameha ho sebelisoa ho laola mathata le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea sistimi ea tsamaiso.
Ho potoloha ho pholletsa le kalafo ea metsi ho ikemiselitse ho thibela ho tšosa, ho tsamaea le tšilafalo ea tlhaho tsamaisong ebe ho netefatsa katleho e pholileng. Nahana ka paramente ea mantlha metsing a pholileng (thata, turbirity, oksijene e qhibilihang, likokoana-hloko) le sekaseka mathata a boleng ba metsi bakeng sa kalafo e lebisitsoeng.
| Likokoleba le li-fracculants: | Ha Pac, Pam, Pdadmac, Poldamines, Aluminium sulfate, jj. |
| Softerser: | joalo ka lime le sodium carbonate. |
| Lihloela: | Joalo ka tcca, sdic, calcium hypochlorte, Ozone, chlorine dioxide, jj. |
| Ph Albusters: | joalo ka aminosulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, lime, sulfuric acid, jj. |
| Metal Ion Menyako: | Edta, ion fapang adin |
| Scake inhibito: | Kopano ea lefelo, e kopanang le carboxy ecid, jj. |
| Maseso: | joalo ka khabone e bakiloeng, e butsoitseng alumina, jj. |
Mekhoa ena ea lik'hemik'hale le mekhoa ea kalafo e thusa ho thibela ho tšosa le likokoana-hloko, netefatsa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa le tšebeliso ea matla a tsamaiso.
2.4 Phekolo ea metsi a litšila
Ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea metsi a mangata a senya ea indasteri e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e mengata ea sepheo sa metsi le sepheo sa tlhaho, e emisitsoe, kalafo, kalafo ea metsi. Khokahano e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e hloka lik'hemik'hale tse fapaneng ho sebetsa 'moho ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea kalafo le ho ts'epahala ea litlhapi tse senyehileng.
Phekolo ea litšila ea indasteri e arotsoe ka mekhoa tse tharo e ka sehloohong: 'meleng le oa tlhaho ea tlhaho le ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea tikoloho.
Mokhoa oa 'mele:sediment, filtation, flotation, jj.
Mokhoa oa lik'hemik'hale:Ho se nke lehlakore, retux, pula ea lik'hemik'hale.
Mokhoa oa Boloolo:Mokhoa o potlakileng oa Sludge, Membrane bioreactor (MBR), jj.
Lik'hemik'hale tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:
| Likokoleba le li-fracculants: | Ha Pac, Pam, Pdadmac, Poldamines, Aluminium sulfate, jj. |
| Softerser: | joalo ka lime le sodium carbonate. |
| Lihloela: | Joalo ka tcca, sdic, calcium hypochlorte, Ozone, chlorine dioxide, jj. |
| Ph Albusters: | joalo ka aminosulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, lime, sulfuric acid, jj. |
| Metal Ion Menyako: | Edta, ion fapang adin |
| Scake inhibito: | Kopano ea lefelo, e kopanang le carboxy ecid, jj. |
| Maseso: | joalo ka khabone e bakiloeng, e butsoitseng alumina, jj. |
Ka ts'ebeliso e atlehang ea lik'hemik'hale tsa indasteri e ka phekoloa le ho kotuloa hape, ebile e laoloe ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea tikoloho le lisebelisoa tsa metsi.
2.5 Phekolo ea metsi e nchafalitsoeng
Phekolo ea metsi e nchafalitsoeng e bua ka mokhoa oa taolo ea mechine ea lisebelisoa ea lisebelisoa tse otsoang metsi a senya a litšila ka mor'a kalafo. Ka khaello e ntseng e eketseha ea lisebelisoa tsa metsi, masimo a mangata a indasteri a nkile mehato ea kalafo ea metsi, e sa boloke lisebelisoa tsa metsi, empa hape e fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa kalafo le ho li senya. Senotlolo sa ho sebelisa kalafo ea metsi ke ho tlosa tšilafalo ea metsi a senyehileng e le hore boleng ba metsi boa nka litlhokahalo tsa ho sebelisana le boitlamo le theknoloji.
Ts'ebetso ea kalafo e nchafalitsoeng ea metsi e kenyelletsa mehato ea bohlokoa e latelang:
Prefatso:Tlosa likaroloana tse kholo tsa litšila le grease, u sebelisa Pac, Pam, joalo-joalo
Phetoho ea PH:Phetoho ea lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisitsoeng hangata e kenyelletsa sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, calcium hydroxide, jj.
TLHAKISO:Tlosa lintho tsa manyolo, ts'ehetsa ho soma ha likokoana-hloko, u sebelise ammonium chloride, sodium piyhdroen fhoodro, jj
Phekolo ea lik'hemik'hale:Ho tlosa lintho tse opila le litlolo tse boima, hangata tse sebelisoang, ationsulfate, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide
Karolo ea Boraro:Sebelisa osmosis everse osmoobsis, nanoomorce, le theknoloji ea UltraCeatritation ho tlosa lintho tse qhibilihileng le ho netefatsa boleng ba metsi.
Boloetsehi:Tlosa likokoana-hloko, sebelisa chlorine, ozone, calcium hypochlorte, jj.
Ho beha leihlo le liphetoho:Etsa bonnete ba hore metsi a fokotsehileng a kopana le litekanyetso le ho sebelisa li-resehlane le lisebelisoa tsa ho hlokomela le ho lekola lisebelisoa bakeng sa liphetoho.
Li-deffoars:Ba hatella kapa ba felise foam ka ho fokotsa tsitsipano ea metsi le ho senya botsitso ba foam. (Litsamaiso tsa Diepers tsa Bafetoheli
Calcium hypochlor:Ba tlosa lithollo tse kang ammonia nitrogen
Tšebeliso ea lits'ebetso tsena le lik'hemik'hale li tiisa hore boleng ba metsi a senya a litšila li lumellana le litekanyetso tsa bohloeki, li li lumella hore li sebelisoe tlhahiso ea indasteri.
Phekolo ea metsi a indasteri ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tlhahiso ea sejoale-joale ea li indasteri. Ts'ebetso ea eona le khetho ea lik'hemik'hale li hloka ho ntlafatsoa ho latela litlhoko tse ikhethang tsa ts'ebetso. Ts'ebeliso e nang le mabaka a lik'hemik'hale e ke ke ea ntlafatsa feela phello ea kalafo, empa hape e fokotsa litšenyehelo le ho fokotsa tšusumetso tikolohong. Nakong e tlang, ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji le ntlafatso ea litlhoko tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, kalafo ea metsi ea indasteri e tla hlaha ka tsela e bohlale le e tala.