Mekhoa ea Phekolo ea Metsi ea Liindasteri le Lisebelisoa tsa Lik'hemik'hale
Ka morao
Ka tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea indasteri, bohlokoa ba ho hloekisa metsi lihlahisoa tse fapa-fapaneng tsa indasteri bo ntse bo bonahala haholoanyane. Phekolo ea metsi ea indasteri ha se feela sehokelo sa bohlokoa ho netefatsa tsoelo-pele e ntle ea ts'ebetso, empa hape ke mohato oa bohlokoa oa ho fihlela melao ea tikoloho le litlhoko tsa nts'etsopele ea moshoelella.
Mofuta oa Phekolo ea Metsi
| Mofuta oa phekolo ea metsi | Sepheo se seholo | Lintho tse ka sehloohong tsa phekolo | Mekhoa e ka sehloohong. |
| Pheko ea metsi a hloekileng | Kopana le litlhoko tsa metsi a malapeng kapa a indasteri | Metsi a tlhaho a metsi | Filtration, sedimentation, coagulation. |
| Ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa metsi | Kopana le litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa ts'ebetso | Metsi a tšebetso ea indasteri | Ho nolofatsa, ho tlosa letsoai, deoxygenation. |
| Ho potoloha phekolo ea metsi a pholileng | Netefatsa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea lisebelisoa | Ho potoloha metsi a pholileng | Phekolo ea dosing. |
| Phekolo ea metsi a litšila | Sireletsa tikoloho | Metsi a litšila a indasteri | Phekolo ea 'mele, ea lik'hemik'hale, ea likokoana-hloko. |
| Phekolo ea metsi e sebelisoang hape | Fokotsa tšebeliso ea metsi a hloekileng | Metsi a sebelisitsoeng | Ho tšoana le ho hloekisa metsi a litšila. |
Lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang ka tloaelo tsa ho hloekisa metsi
| Sehlopha | Lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang hangata | Mosebetsi |
| Moemedi wa ho phalla | PAC, PAM, PDADMAC, polyamines, aluminium sulfate, joalo-joalo. | Tlosa lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng le lintho tse phelang |
| Likokoana-hloko | joalo ka TCCA, SDIC, ozone, chlorine dioxide, Calcium Hypochlorite, joalo-joalo | E bolaea likokoana-hloko tse ka metsing (joaloka libaktheria, livaerase, li-fungus le protozoa) |
| Phetoho ea pH | Aminosulfonic acid, NaOH, lime, sulfuric acid, joalo-joalo. | Laola pH ea metsi |
| Lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tsa tšepe | EDTA, resin ea phapanyetsano ea ion | Tlosa li-ion tsa tšepe tse boima (tse kang tšepe, koporo, loto, cadmium, mercury, nickel, joalo-joalo) le li-ion tse ling tse kotsi ka metsing. |
| Sekhahla sa inhibitor | Organophosphates, organophosphorus carboxylic acids | Thibela sebopeho sa sekala ka calcium le magnesium ions. E boetse e na le phello e itseng ea ho tlosa li-ion tsa tšepe |
| Deoxidizer | Sodium sulfite, hydrazine, joalo-joalo. | Tlosa oksijene e qhibilihileng ho thibela kutu ea oksijene |
| Moemeli oa ho hloekisa | Citric acid, sulfuric acid, aminosulfonic acid | Tlosa sekala le litšila |
| Li-oxidants | ozone, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, joalo-joalo. | Ho bolaea likokoana-hloko, ho tlosoa ha litšila le ntlafatso ea boleng ba metsi, joalo-joalo. |
| Lisebelisoa | joalo ka lime le sodium carbonate. | E tlosa li-ion tse thata (calcium, magnesium ions) mme e fokotsa kotsi ea ho theha sekala |
| Li-defoamers/Antifoam | Thibela kapa tlosa foam | |
| Ho tloswa | Calcium Hypochlorite | tlosa NH₃-N metsing a litšila ho etsa hore e finyelle litekanyetso tsa ho ntša metsi |
Re ka fana ka:
Phekolo ea metsi ea indasteri e bolela mokhoa oa ho hloekisa metsi a indasteri le metsi a eona a tsoang ka mekhoa ea 'mele, ea lik'hemik'hale, ea likokoana-hloko le tse ling. Tlhokomelo ea metsi ea indasteri ke karolo ea bohlokoa haholo tlhahisong ea indasteri, 'me bohlokoa ba eona bo bonahala ka lintlha tse latelang:
1.1 Netefatsa boleng ba sehlahisoa
Tlosa litšila metsing tse kang li-ion tsa tšepe, lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, joalo-joalo ho finyella litlhoko tsa tlhahiso le ho netefatsa boleng ba sehlahisoa.
Thibela kutu: Oksijene e qhibilihang, carbon dioxide, joalo-joalo ka metsing e ka baka ho bola ha thepa ea tšepe le ho khutsufatsa bophelo ba thepa.
Laola likokoana-hloko: Libaktheria, algae le likokoana-hloko tse ling ka metsing li ka baka tšilafalo ea lihlahisoa, tsa ama boleng ba sehlahisoa le polokeho ea bophelo bo botle.
1.2 Ntlafatsa katleho ea tlhahiso
Fokotsa nako ea ho phomola: Ho hloekisoa ha metsi khafetsa ho ka thibela ka nepo ho hola le ho bola ha lisebelisoa, ho fokotsa khafetsa ho lokisoa ha lisebelisoa le ho nkeloa sebaka, ka hona ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso.
Ntlafatsa maemo a ts'ebetso: Ka ho hloekisa metsi, boleng ba metsi bo finyellang litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso bo ka fumanoa ho netefatsa botsitso ba ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso.
1.3 Fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso
Boloka matla: Ka ho hloekisa metsi, tšebeliso ea matla ea thepa e ka fokotsoa 'me litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso li ka bolokeha.
Thibela ho eketseha: Li-ion tse thata tse kang calcium le magnesium ion ka metsing li tla theha sekala, li khomarele holim'a lisebelisoa, li fokotse katleho ea ho tsamaisa mocheso.
Eketsa bophelo ba lisebelisoa: Fokotsa ho bola le ho hola ha lisebelisoa, ho lelefatsa bophelo ba ts'ebeletso ea lisebelisoa, le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ho theoha ha thepa.
Fokotsa tšebeliso ea thepa: Ka ho hloekisa metsi, litšila tsa likokoana-hloko li ka fokotsoa 'me litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso li ka fokotsoa.
Fokotsa tšebeliso ea lihlahisoa tse tala: Ka ho hloekisa metsi, lisebelisoa tse setseng tse setseng ka har'a mokelikeli o litšila li ka fumanoa 'me tsa khutlisetsoa tlhahisong, kahoo li fokotsa litšila tsa lihlahisoa le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso.
1.4 Sireletsa tikoloho
Fokotsa mesi e silafatsang: Kamora hore metsi a litšila a liindasteri a hloekisoe, bongata ba mesi e silafatsang bo ka fokotsoa mme tikoloho ea metsi e ka sireletsoa.
Lemoha ho tsosolosoa ha mehloli ea metsi: Ka ho hloekisa metsi, metsi a indasteri a ka sebelisoa hape 'me ho itšetleha ka mehloli ea metsi a hloekileng ho ka fokotsoa.
1.5 Ho latela melao ea tikoloho
Kopana le litekanyetso tsa tlhahiso: Metsi a litšila a indasteri a tlameha ho fihlela litekanyetso tsa naha le tsa lehae, 'me tlhoekiso ea metsi ke mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa ho fihlela sepheo sena.
Ka kakaretso, phekolo ea metsi ea indasteri ha e amane feela le boleng ba sehlahisoa le katleho ea tlhahiso, empa hape le melemo ea moruo le tšireletso ea tikoloho ea likhoebo. Ka phekolo ea metsi ea saense le e utloahalang, tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea mehloli ea metsi e ka finyelloa 'me tsoelo-pele e tsitsitseng ea indasteri e ka khothaletsoa.
Phekolo ea metsi ea indasteri e akaretsa likarolo tse ngata tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa matla, lik'hemik'hale, meriana, metallurgy, lijo le lino tse tahang, joalo-joalo. Ts'ebetso ea eona ea phekolo e atisa ho etsoa ho latela litlhoko tsa boleng ba metsi le litekanyetso tsa ho ntša metsi.
2.1 Kalafo ea Tšusumetso (Rew Water Pretreatment)
Ts'ebetso ea metsi a tala kalafong ea metsi ea liindasteri haholo-holo e kenyelletsa tlhoekiso ea mantlha, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, flotation, disinfection, tokiso ea pH, ho tlosoa ha ion ea tšepe le ho sefa ha ho qetela. Lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang hangata li kenyelletsa:
Li-coagulants le li-flocculants: tse kang PAC, PAM, PDADMAC, polyamines, aluminium sulfate, joalo-joalo.
Li-Softeners: tse kang lime le sodium carbonate.
Disinfectants: tse kang TCCA, SDIC, Calcium Hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, joalo-joalo.
PhH: tse kang aminosulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, lime, sulfuric acid, joalo-joalo.
Metal ion removersEDTA, Ion exchange resin joalo-joalo,
scale inhibitor: organophosphates, organophosphorus carboxylic acid, joalo-joalo.
Li-Adsorbents: joalo ka khabone e kentsoeng, alumina e kentsoeng, joalo-joalo.
Ho kopanngoa le tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale tsena ho ka thusa phekolo ea metsi ea indasteri ka katleho ho tlosa lintho tse emisitsoeng, litšila tse phelang, li-ion tsa tšepe le likokoana-hloko tse ka metsing, ho netefatsa hore boleng ba metsi bo finyella litlhoko tsa tlhahiso, le ho fokotsa moroalo oa phekolo e latelang.
2.2 Ts'ebetso ea Phekolo ea Metsi
Ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea metsi kalafong ea metsi ea liindasteri haholo-holo e kenyelletsa ho hloekisoa pele, ho nolofatsa, deoxidation, ho tlosoa ha tšepe le manganese, ho tlosa letsoai, sterilization le disinfection. Mohato o mong le o mong o hloka lik'hemik'hale tse fapaneng ho ntlafatsa boleng ba metsi le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa indasteri. Lik'hemik'hale tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:
| Li-coagulants le li-flocculants: | joalo ka PAC, PAM, PDADMAC, polyamines, aluminium sulfate, joalo-joalo. |
| Li-Softeners: | joalo ka lime le sodium carbonate. |
| Likokoana-hloko: | joalo ka TCCA, SDIC, Calcium Hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, joalo-joalo. |
| Liphetoho tsa pH: | joalo ka aminosulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, lime, sulfuric acid, joalo-joalo. |
| Metal ion remover: | EDTA, Ion phapanyetsano resin |
| Scale inhibitor: | organophosphates, organophosphorus carboxylic acid, joalo-joalo. |
| Li-adsorbents: | joalo ka khabone e kentsoeng, alumina e kentsoeng, joalo-joalo. |
Lik'hemik'hale tsena li ka finyella litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa metsi a sebetsang ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho hloekisa metsi, ho netefatsa hore boleng ba metsi bo finyella litekanyetso tsa tlhahiso, ho fokotsa kotsi ea tšenyo ea lisebelisoa, le ho ntlafatsa katleho ea tlhahiso.
2.3 Ho potoloha Phekolo ea Metsi a Pholisang
Phekolo ea metsi a pholileng a potolohang ke karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ea phekolo ea metsi a indasteri, haholo-holo libakeng tse ngata tsa indasteri (tse kang limela tsa lik'hemik'hale, limela tsa motlakase, limela tsa tšepe, joalo-joalo), moo mekhoa ea metsi a pholileng e sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa lisebelisoa le mekhoa ea ho pholisa. Litsamaiso tse potolohang tsa metsi a pholileng li kotsing ea ho eketseha, ho bola, kholo ea likokoana-hloko le mathata a mang ka lebaka la metsi a mangata a mangata le ho potoloha khafetsa. Ka hona, mekhoa e sebetsang ea ho hloekisa metsi e tlameha ho sebelisoa ho laola mathata ana le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea tsamaiso.
Phekolo ea metsi a pholileng e potolohang e ikemiselitse ho thibela ho ata, ho bola le ho silafala ha likokoana-hloko tsamaisong le ho netefatsa hore pholiso e sebetsa hantle. Lekola liparamente tsa mantlha metsing a pholileng (joalo ka pH, ho thatafala, turbidity, oksijene e qhibilihisitsoeng, likokoana-hloko, joalo-joalo) le ho sekaseka mathata a boleng ba metsi bakeng sa phekolo e lebisitsoeng.
| Li-coagulants le li-flocculants: | joalo ka PAC, PAM, PDADMAC, polyamines, aluminium sulfate, joalo-joalo. |
| Li-Softeners: | joalo ka lime le sodium carbonate. |
| Likokoana-hloko: | joalo ka TCCA, SDIC, Calcium Hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, joalo-joalo. |
| Liphetoho tsa pH: | joalo ka aminosulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, lime, sulfuric acid, joalo-joalo. |
| Metal ion remover: | EDTA, Ion phapanyetsano resin |
| Scale inhibitor: | organophosphates, organophosphorus carboxylic acid, joalo-joalo. |
| Li-adsorbents: | joalo ka khabone e kentsoeng, alumina e kentsoeng, joalo-joalo. |
Lik'hemik'hale tsena le mekhoa ea phekolo li thusa ho thibela ho ata, ho senya le ho silafala ha likokoana-hloko, ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea nako e telele ea tsamaiso ea metsi a pholileng, ho fokotsa tšenyo ea thepa le tšebeliso ea matla, le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tsamaiso ea tsamaiso.
2.4 Phekolo ea metsi a litšila
Ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea metsi a litšila ea indasteri e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e mengata ho latela litšoaneleho tsa metsi a litšila le sepheo sa kalafo, haholoholo ho kenyelletsa ho hloekisoa pele, acid-base neutralization, ho tlosoa ha lintho tse phelang le lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, kalafo ea mahareng le e tsoetseng pele, ho bolaea likokoana-hloko le sterilization, kalafo ea seretse. le ho hloekisa metsi hape. Khokahano e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e hloka hore lik'hemik'hale tse fapaneng li sebetse 'moho ho netefatsa ts'ebetso le botlalo ba ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa metsi a litšila.
Phekolo ea metsi a litšila ea indasteri e arotsoe ka mekhoa e meraro e meholo: ea 'mele, ea lik'hemik'hale le ea baeloji, e le ho fihlela litekanyetso tsa tlhahiso le ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea tikoloho.
Mokhoa oa 'mele:sedimentation, filtration, flotation, joalo-joalo.
Mokhoa oa lik'hemik'hale:neutralization, redox, ho na ha lik'hemik'hale.
Mokhoa oa baeloji:mokhoa oa sludge o kentsoeng, membrane bioreactor (MBR), joalo-joalo.
Lik'hemik'hale tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:
| Li-coagulants le li-flocculants: | joalo ka PAC, PAM, PDADMAC, polyamines, aluminium sulfate, joalo-joalo. |
| Li-Softeners: | joalo ka lime le sodium carbonate. |
| Likokoana-hloko: | joalo ka TCCA, SDIC, Calcium Hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, joalo-joalo. |
| Liphetoho tsa pH: | joalo ka aminosulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, lime, sulfuric acid, joalo-joalo. |
| Metal ion remover: | EDTA, Ion phapanyetsano resin |
| Scale inhibitor: | organophosphates, organophosphorus carboxylic acid, joalo-joalo. |
| Li-adsorbents: | joalo ka khabone e kentsoeng, alumina e kentsoeng, joalo-joalo. |
Ka ts'ebeliso e sebetsang ea lik'hemik'hale tsena, metsi a litšila a indasteri a ka hloekisoa le ho ntšoa ho latela maemo, esita le ho sebelisoa hape, ho thusa ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea tikoloho le tšebeliso ea mehloli ea metsi.
2.5 Phekolo ea Metsi e Nchafalitsoeng
Phekolo ea metsi e sebelisoang hape e bolela mokhoa oa taolo ea mehloli ea metsi o sebelisang metsi a litšila a indasteri kamora ho hloekisoa. Ka khaello e ntseng e eketseha ea mehloli ea metsi, masimo a mangata a indasteri a nkile mehato ea ho hloekisa metsi e sebelisoang hape, e sa bolokeng mehloli ea metsi feela, empa hape e fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa phekolo le ho ntša metsi. Senotlolo sa ho hloekisa metsi a sebelisoang hape ke ho tlosa litšila metsing a litšila e le hore boleng ba metsi bo finyelle litlhoko tsa ho sebelisoa hape, e leng se hlokang ho nepahala ho phahameng ho sebetsa le theknoloji.
Mokhoa oa ho hloekisa metsi o sebelisoang hape o kenyelletsa mehato e latelang ea bohlokoa:
Phekolo ea Pele:tlosa likaroloana tse kholo tsa litšila le mafura, u sebelisa PAC, PAM, joalo-joalo.
Phetoho ea pH:fetola pH, lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang hangata li kenyelletsa sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, calcium hydroxide, joalo-joalo.
Phekolo ea likokoana-hloko:tlosa lintho tse phelang, ho tšehetsa ho senyeha ha likokoana-hloko, sebelisa ammonium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, joalo-joalo.
Kalafo ea lik'hemik'hale:ho tlosoa ha oxidative ea lintho tse phelang le litšepe tse boima, ozone e sebelisoang hangata, persulfate, sodium sulfide, joalo-joalo.
Karohano ea lisele:sebelisa reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, le ultrafiltration technology ho tlosa lintho tse qhibilihisitsoeng le ho netefatsa boleng ba metsi.
Ho bolaea likokoana-hloko:tlosa likokoana-hloko, sebelisa chlorine, ozone, calcium hypochlorite, joalo-joalo.
Tlhokomelo le tokiso:Netefatsa hore metsi a sebelisitsoeng hape a kopana le maemo le ho sebelisa lilaoli le lisebelisoa tsa ho beha leihlo bakeng sa litokiso.
Li-Defoamers:Ba hatella kapa ba felisa foam ka ho fokotsa tsitsipano ea holim'a metsi le ho senya botsitso ba foam. (Maemo a ts'ebeliso ea li-defoamers: mekhoa ea phekolo ea likokoana-hloko, phekolo ea metsi a litšila ea lik'hemik'hale, phekolo ea metsi a litšila ka meriana, phekolo ea metsi a litšila ea lijo, ho etsa pampiri ea metsi a litšila, joalo-joalo)
Calcium hypochlorite:Li tlosa lintho tse silafatsang tse kang ammonia nitrogen
Tšebeliso ea mekhoa ena le lik'hemik'hale li tiisa hore boleng ba metsi a litšila a hloekisitsoeng a finyella litekanyetso tsa ho sebelisoa hape, ho lumella hore a sebelisoe ka katleho tlhahiso ea indasteri.
Phekolo ea metsi ea indasteri ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tlhahiso ea kajeno ea indasteri. Mokhoa oa eona le khetho ea lik'hemik'hale li hloka ho ntlafatsoa ho latela litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa ts'ebetso. Tšebeliso e utloahalang ea lik'hemik'hale e ke ke ea ntlafatsa feela phello ea phekolo, empa hape e fokotsa litšenyehelo le ho fokotsa tšusumetso tikolohong. Nakong e tlang, ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji le ntlafatso ea litlhoko tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, phekolo ea metsi ea indasteri e tla ntlafala ka tsela e bohlale le e tala.