Metsi esale e le e 'ngoe ea mehloli ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Ka keketseho ea tlhahiso ea indasteri le ho potlakisa ho hola ha litoropo, ts'ireletso ea metsi, botsitso le katleho ea kalafo li fetoha litaba tsa bohlokoa lefatšeng ka bophara. Litsing tsa metsi tsa masepala le lifemeng tsa kalafo ea metsi a litšila tsa indasteri, melaoana e thata ea tikoloho, litšenyehelo tse ntseng li phahama tsa ts'ebetso, le tlhokomeliso e ntseng e hola ea sechaba li fetola mokhoa oa ho phekola metsi, ho a sebelisa hape le ho a sebelisa hape.
Ka selemo sa 2026, indasteri ea lefats'e ea kalafo ea metsi ea indasteri le ea masepala e tla tsoela pele ho fetoha ho ea ho bokhoni bo phahameng, botsitso bo boholo, polokeho e ntlafalitsoeng, le kopanyo e bohlale ea theknoloji. Bakeng sa bahlahisi, baabi, le basebetsi ba merero ba amehang lik'hemik'hale tsa kalafo ea metsi, libolaea-likokoana-hloko, li-flocculant le litharollo tse kopaneng tsa kalafo, ho utloisisa mekhoa ena ea bokamoso ho bohlokoa bakeng sa moralo oa maano le ho beha 'maraka boemong bo botle.
Sengoloa sena se tla hlahloba mekhoa ea bohlokoa ea phekolo ea metsi ea indasteri le ea masepala eo re lokelang ho e ela hloko ka 2026, se totobatsa tataiso ea 'maraka, boqapi ba theknoloji, liphetoho tsa taolo, le litlamorao tsa tsona tse sebetsang ho bahlahisi, barekisi, lifeme tsa boenjiniere le basebelisi ba ho qetela.
Batho ba fetang libilione tse 2 lefatšeng ka bophara ba lula libakeng tse haellang metsi, 'me palo ena e ntse e eketseha khafetsa. Tlhahiso ea indasteri, temo le katoloso ea litoropo kaofela li hloka metsi a mangata a hloekileng le a sireletsehileng. Ha mehloli ea metsi a hloekileng e ntse e mpefala le ho feta, ho sebelisa metsi a litšila hape le ho a phekola ha e sa le khetho empa e le tlhokahalo ea maano.
Melao e Tiileng ea Tikoloho
Mebuso lefatšeng ka bophara e tiisa meeli ea mosi o tsoang bakeng sa litšila tse latelang:
- Lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng
- Litšepe tse boima
- Phosphorus le naetrojene
- Litšila tsa tlhaho
- Liplastiki tse nyenyane
- Likokoana-hloko
Sena se tsamaisa ka kotloloho ntshetsopele ya ditharollo tsa kalafo ya dikhemikhale, ditsamaiso tsa ho sefa le mahlale a ho beha leihlo.
Ntlafatso ea Liindasteri le Meralo ea Motheo
Mohlala, liindastering tse latelang:
- Lik'hemik'hale tsa Petro
- Merafo
- Makhasi le pampiri
- Ho sebetsana le lijo
- Masela
- Tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki
Mekhatlo ena kaofela e ntlafatsa litsamaiso tsa eona tsa phepelo ea metsi ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso, ho fokotsa likotsi le ho fihlela lipheo tsa ESG.
Ho sa le jwalo, ditsha tsa kalafo ya metsi tsa masepala di ntse di ntlafatsa meralo ya motheo ya kgale ho netefatsa phepelo e bolokehileng ya metsi a nowang.
Mokhoa oa Bohlokoa oa 1: Tlhokahalo e Matla ea Lik'hemik'hale tsa ho Kopana le ho Tsamaisana ha Metsi
Ho kopanya metsi le ho kopanya metsi ho ntse ho le bohlokwa bakeng sa mekgwa ya ho hlakisa metsi. Mmaraka wa diindasteri wa ho kopanya metsi le ho kopanya metsi o tla tswela pele ho hola ka 2026, haholoholo Asia, Latin America le Botjhabela bo Hare.
Lik'hemik'hale tse tsebahalang tse susumetsang kholo ena li kenyelletsa:
- Polyaluminum chloride(PAC)
- Polyacrylamide(PAM)
- Li-polyamine(PA)
- Poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) PolyDADMAC
- Chloride ea ferric
Lik'hemik'hale tsena li thusa ho tlosa:
- Lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng
- Oli
- Seretse se teteaneng
- Litšepe tse boima
- Lintho tse phelang
Ke hobane'ng ha tlhoko e ntse e hola?
- Maemo a phahameng a ho ntša mosi
- Mekhoa e mengata ea ho sebelisa hape metsi a litšila
- Katoloso ea indasteri
- Tshebetso e bolokang tjhelete
- Bongata ba seretse bo fokotsehile ha bo bapisoa le alum ea setso.
PAC le PAM li boloka boetapele ba 'maraka
PAC (polyaluminum chloride) e ntse e tsoela pele ho laola lits'ebetso tsa ho hlakisa le ho sedimenta metsi bakeng sa kalafo ea metsi a nooang le metsi a litšila ka lebaka la:
- Bokgoni bo phahameng ba ho kopanya mali
- Ho ikamahanya le maemo ka bophara ba pH
- Tshebetso e potlakileng ea ho rarolla mathata
- Litšenyehelo tsa tlholisano
Polyacrylamide, haholo-holo anionic le cationic polyacrylamide, e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntšeng metsi a seretse, karohanong ea metsi a tiileng le a metsi, le lits'ebetsong tsa ho phaphamala.
Mokhoa oa Bohlokoa oa 2: Litharollo tse Tsoetseng Pele tsa Oxidation le Disease
Likokoana-hloko le lintho tse silafatsang tse hlahang, tse kang meriana le lik'hemik'hale tsa tlhaho, li hloka mahlale a kalafo a tsoetseng pele haholoanyane.
Libaka tsa bohlokoa tsa kholo li kenyelletsa:
- Libolaya-mafu tse thehiloeng ho chlorine (mohlala, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid, calcium hypochlorite, jj.)
- Asiti ea peracetic
- Kalafo ea ozone
- Ho bolaea likokoana-hloko ka mahlaseli a kotsi a UV (Ultraviolet)
- Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea oxidation (AOPs)
Mekhoa ea metsi ea masepala, haholo-holo, e itšetlehile ka li-disinfectant tse tsitsitseng le tse tšepahalang ho netefatsa metsi a nooang a sireletsehileng.
Hobaneng mokhoa ona o le bohlokwa:
- Tšireletso ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba
- Phetiso e fokotsehileng ea lefu
- Ho latela litataiso tsa WHO
- Kabo e sireletsehileng marangrang a liphaephe
Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa indasteri, taolo ea likokoana-hloko litoreng tse pholileng, metsing a sebetsang le metsi a litšila e ntse e le ea bohlokoa ho qoba ho bola, ho hola le likotsi tsa polokeho.
Mokhoa oa Bohlokoa oa 3: Keketseho e Matla ea ho Sebelisa Metsi Hape le ho a Sebelisa Hape
Ka 2026, litsamaiso tsa ho ntša metsi (ZLD) tse se nang mokelikeli le lifeme tsa ho sebelisa metsi hape li tla fumana matla.
Liindasteri tse amohelang tšebeliso ea metsi hape li kenyelletsa:
- Tlhahiso ea motlakase
- Merafo
- Li-semiconductor
- Ho ntlafatsa
- Lijo le lino tse tahang
- Meriana
Bakhanni ba katoloso:
- Litšenyehelo tse ntseng li phahama tsa metsi
- Boikarabello ba tikoloho
- Lipakane tsa botsitso ba indasteri
- Meeli ea molao ea ho ntša mosi
Ho hoama, ho phaphamala, ho sefa lera le dikhemikhale tsa ho bolaea dikokwana-hloko kaofela di bapala karolo ya bohlokwa ditsamaisong tsena.
Mokhoa oa Bohlokoa oa 4: Tikoloho, Sechaba, le Puso (ESG), Botsitso, le K'hemistri e Tala
Maemo a tikoloho, a kahisano le a puso (ESG) a susumetsa liqeto tsa ho reka le tsa matsete lefatšeng ka bophara.
Likhamphani li ntse li hloka:
- Lik'hemik'hale tse nang le chefo e tlase
- Litharollo tse bolang
- Khabone e fokotsehileng
- Sephutheloana se sireletsehileng haholoanyane
- Liketane tsa phepelo tse ka latelwang
Ho fihlela ka 2026, bahlahisi ba fanang ka lik'hemik'hale tse tšepahalang le tse netefalitsoeng tsa kalafo ea metsi ba tla ba le monyetla o moholo oa tlholisano.
Mokhoa oa Bohlokoa oa 5: Ho Tsepamisa Maikutlo Polokehong ea Metsi a Nooang le Bophelo bo Botle ba Sechaba
Metsi a hloekileng a nooang e ntse e le e 'ngoe ea lintho tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka bophara.
Litsi tsa tlhokomelo ea metsi a litšila tsa masepala li shebane haholo le:
- Taolo ea kokoana-hloko
- Ho fokotsa ho fifala ha mobu
- Ho tlosa litšepe tse boima
- Ho ntlafatsa tatso le monko
- Ho thibela ts'enyeho ea liphaephe
Tlhoko eametsoako ea mali e kopanyang mali, libolaya-mafu, 'me lik'hemik'hale tse thibelang mafome li lebelletsoe ho tsoela pele ho hola.
Likopo tsa Liindasteri li tla Atoloha ka 2026
Liindasteri tsa bohlokoa tse itšetlehileng ka phekolo ea metsi li kenyelletsa:
- Oli le khase
- Tlhahiso ea motlakase
- Tšepe
- Ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale
- Makhasi le pampiri
- Letlalo
- Tlhahiso ea masela
- Lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki
- Indasteri ea lijo
- Meriana, jj.
Indasteri e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e hloka mekhoa e itseng ea lik'hemik'hale, litokomane tsa ho latela melao, le tšehetso ea tekheniki, e leng se hlahisang menyetla e meholo bakeng sa bafepedi ba khethehileng.
Karolo ea Bafepedi ba Lik'hemik'hale ba Tšepahalang ka 2026
Ha litsamaiso li ntse li rarahana le ho feta, bareki ba hloka ho fetang lihlahisoa feela. Ba hloka balekane ba ka fanang ka lits'ebeletso tse latelang:
- Phepelo e tsitsitseng, ea boleng bo holimo
- Tataiso ea tekheniki
- Tšehetso ea taolo
- Litharollo tse ikhethileng
- Bokhoni ba liteko tsa laboratori
- Litheko tse qothisanang lehlokoa
- Likamano tsa nako e telele
Ho kopanya dikhemikhale, ho kopanya dikhemikhale le dikokwana-hloko, ho dibolaya dikokwana-hloko le mahlale a kalafo a tswetseng pele di tla dula di le ditshiya tsa bohlokwa indastering. Bahlahisi ba nang le bokgoni bo matla ba tlhahiso, boiphihlelo ba ho romela kantle ho naha, le mangolo a tumello a matjhabeng ba tla ba le monyetla o moholo wa ho atleha mmarakeng ona o ntseng o hola. Dikhamphani tse ka kopanyang dikhemikhale tsa boleng bo hodimo, boiphihlelo ba botekgeniki le tshehetso e tshepahalang ya thepa e tla ba baetapele ba indasteri dilemong tse tlang.
Kalafo ea metsi ha se mokhoa oa indasteri feela; ke motheo oa bohlokoa bakeng sa tšireletso ea tikoloho, nts'etsopele ea indasteri le bophelo bo botle ba sechaba. Ha re sheba pele ho 2026, tlhoko ea lefats'e ea litharollo tsa kalafo ea metsi tse tšepahalang, tse sebetsang hantle le tse tsitsitseng e tla tsoela pele ho hola.
Likhamphani tse utloisisang mekhoa ea 'maraka le tse sebelisang mahlale a tsoetseng pele li tla ba boemong bo botle ba ho sebelisa menyetla makaleng a indasteri le a masepala.
Nako ea poso: Pherekhong-13-2026
